Black and poor students are suspended from U.S. schools at higher rates than White and nonpoor students. While the existence of these disparities has been clear, the causes of the disparities have not. This study found Black and poor students are, in fact, punished more harshly than the students with whom they fight.
Barrett, N., McEachin, A., Mills, J. N., & Valant, J. (2021). Disparities and discrimination in student discipline by race and family income. Journal of Human Resources, 56(3), 711-748.
This new book explores how school leaders can foster equity by building a culture where teachers and students see their purpose and experience success within the school community.
Whitaker, M. "Equity in Schools Begins With Changing Mindsets." Edutopia, (2022).
