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Equal Time for Equal Crime? Racial Bias in School Discipline (Article)

This study examines racial gaps in exclusionary discipline for students of different races who are involved in the same disciplinary incident for the same type of infraction.

Citation/Source

Shi, Y. & Zhu, M. (2021). Equal time for equal crime? Racial bias in school discipline (EdWorking Paper 21-383). Annenberg Institute at Brown University.

Publication Date
2021

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Funding Information

California Department of Education, Special Education Division's special project, State Performance Plan Technical Assistance Project (SPP-TAP) is funded through a contract with the Napa County Office of Education. SPP-TAP is funded from federal funds, (State Grants #H027A080116) provided from the U.S. Department of Education Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. Department of Education.